{"id":3738,"date":"2006-12-12T08:44:55","date_gmt":"2006-12-12T01:44:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/swallow-nest.com\/article\/2006\/12\/12\/chronicle-of-a-foreseeable-tragedy-birds-nests-management-in-the-niah-caves-sarawak-2\/"},"modified":"2006-12-12T08:44:55","modified_gmt":"2006-12-12T01:44:55","slug":"chronicle-of-a-foreseeable-tragedy-birds-nests-management-in-the-niah-caves-sarawak-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/chronicle-of-a-foreseeable-tragedy-birds-nests-management-in-the-niah-caves-sarawak-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Chronicle of a Foreseeable Tragedy: Birds&#039; Nests Management in the Niah Caves (Sarawak)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!--adsense--><br \/>\nspringerlink.com<br \/>\nJournal<br \/>\nHuman Ecology<br \/>\nPublisher<br \/>\nSpringer Netherlands<br \/>\nISSN<br \/>\n0300-7839 (Print) 1572-9915 (Online)<br \/>\nSubject<br \/>\nHumanities, Social Sciences and Law<br \/>\nIssue<br \/>\nVolume 32, Number 4 \/ August, 2004<br \/>\nDOI<br \/>\n10.1023\/B:HUEC.0000043517.23277.54<br \/>\nPages<br \/>\n487-507<br \/>\nOnline Date<br \/>\nMonday, December 06, 2004<\/p>\n<p>(1)\u00a0<br \/>\nInstitute of Anthropology, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksholms kanal, 4, DK-1220\u00a0Copenhagen K., Denmark<\/p>\n<p>Abstract\u00a0\u00a0The number of birds&#8217; nests harvested in the Niah cave today is only a fraction of what it used to be. This article focuses on the socioeconomic causes of the decline. It argues that the present situation is not directly linked to the tragedy of the commons, since the ownership of cave and nests is private. The tragic aspect is, rather, linked to an attitude of free riding which was threatening the private system of ownership in the 1980s, and which forced Penan owners to lease their caves to the former free riders (thereby diluting management responsibility), and to harvest nests as soon as possible (before the birds can lay eggs and reproduce). It is therefore the tragedy of a management system whose rules, intended to avoid open access and free riding, lead to unsustainable behavior. Since the birds cannot be privatized, it is also the tragedy of a system in which actors are unable to reach a consensus on how to manage sustainably a de facto common property resource.<\/p>\n<p>birds&#8217; nests\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0tragedy of the commons\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0common property resource management\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0Malaysia\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0Sarawak<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>springerlink.com Journal Human Ecology Publisher Springer Netherlands ISSN 0300-7839 (Print) 1572-9915 (Online) Subject Humanities, Social Sciences and Law Issue Volume 32, Number 4 \/ August, 2004 DOI 10.1023\/B:HUEC.0000043517.23277.54 Pages 487-507 Online Date Monday, December 06, 2004 (1)\u00a0 Institute of Anthropology, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksholms kanal, 4, DK-1220\u00a0Copenhagen K., Denmark Abstract\u00a0\u00a0The number of birds&#8217; nests harvested [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[413],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Chronicle of a Foreseeable Tragedy: Birds&#039; Nests Management in the Niah Caves (Sarawak) - Directory of wholesale, manufacturers, distributors, importer and exporter in Indonesia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/chronicle-of-a-foreseeable-tragedy-birds-nests-management-in-the-niah-caves-sarawak-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Chronicle of a Foreseeable Tragedy: Birds&#039; Nests Management in the Niah Caves (Sarawak) - Directory of wholesale, manufacturers, distributors, importer and exporter in Indonesia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"springerlink.com Journal Human Ecology Publisher Springer Netherlands ISSN 0300-7839 (Print) 1572-9915 (Online) Subject Humanities, Social Sciences and Law Issue Volume 32, Number 4 \/ August, 2004 DOI 10.1023\/B:HUEC.0000043517.23277.54 Pages 487-507 Online Date Monday, December 06, 2004 (1)\u00a0 Institute of Anthropology, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksholms kanal, 4, DK-1220\u00a0Copenhagen K., Denmark Abstract\u00a0\u00a0The number of birds&#8217; nests harvested [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/chronicle-of-a-foreseeable-tragedy-birds-nests-management-in-the-niah-caves-sarawak-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Directory of wholesale, manufacturers, distributors, importer and exporter in Indonesia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2006-12-12T01:44:55+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Swallow Bird Nest\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Swallow Bird Nest\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/chronicle-of-a-foreseeable-tragedy-birds-nests-management-in-the-niah-caves-sarawak-2\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/chronicle-of-a-foreseeable-tragedy-birds-nests-management-in-the-niah-caves-sarawak-2\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Swallow Bird Nest\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/#\/schema\/person\/60b3d3b5af80dee4774d92cb0296af73\"},\"headline\":\"Chronicle of a Foreseeable Tragedy: Birds&#039; Nests Management in the Niah Caves (Sarawak)\",\"datePublished\":\"2006-12-12T01:44:55+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2006-12-12T01:44:55+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/chronicle-of-a-foreseeable-tragedy-birds-nests-management-in-the-niah-caves-sarawak-2\/\"},\"wordCount\":244,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Articles\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/chronicle-of-a-foreseeable-tragedy-birds-nests-management-in-the-niah-caves-sarawak-2\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/chronicle-of-a-foreseeable-tragedy-birds-nests-management-in-the-niah-caves-sarawak-2\/\",\"name\":\"Chronicle of a Foreseeable Tragedy: Birds&#039; Nests Management in the Niah Caves (Sarawak) - Directory of wholesale, manufacturers, distributors, importer and exporter in Indonesia\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2006-12-12T01:44:55+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2006-12-12T01:44:55+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/chronicle-of-a-foreseeable-tragedy-birds-nests-management-in-the-niah-caves-sarawak-2\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/chronicle-of-a-foreseeable-tragedy-birds-nests-management-in-the-niah-caves-sarawak-2\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/chronicle-of-a-foreseeable-tragedy-birds-nests-management-in-the-niah-caves-sarawak-2\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Chronicle of a Foreseeable Tragedy: Birds&#039; Nests Management in the Niah Caves (Sarawak)\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/\",\"name\":\"Directory of wholesale, manufacturers, distributors, importer and exporter in Indonesia\",\"description\":\"A company in global market business to exports Indonesian products to the whole world. Indonesia-Product.com will help you to find the real and original handicraft and furniture of Indonesia, Indonesia\u2019s crafter production, with cheap price and has high quality.\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Directory of wholesale, manufacturers, distributors, importer and exporter in Indonesia\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/\",\"sameAs\":[],\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/cropped-logo.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/cropped-logo.png\",\"width\":300,\"height\":100,\"caption\":\"Directory of wholesale, manufacturers, distributors, importer and exporter in Indonesia\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/#\/schema\/person\/60b3d3b5af80dee4774d92cb0296af73\",\"name\":\"Swallow Bird Nest\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e4c33fdba8317b59436967472ccb43ff?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e4c33fdba8317b59436967472ccb43ff?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Swallow Bird Nest\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/author\/swaadmin\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Chronicle of a Foreseeable Tragedy: Birds&#039; Nests Management in the Niah Caves (Sarawak) - Directory of wholesale, manufacturers, distributors, importer and exporter in Indonesia","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/chronicle-of-a-foreseeable-tragedy-birds-nests-management-in-the-niah-caves-sarawak-2\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Chronicle of a Foreseeable Tragedy: Birds&#039; Nests Management in the Niah Caves (Sarawak) - Directory of wholesale, manufacturers, distributors, importer and exporter in Indonesia","og_description":"springerlink.com Journal Human Ecology Publisher Springer Netherlands ISSN 0300-7839 (Print) 1572-9915 (Online) Subject Humanities, Social Sciences and Law Issue Volume 32, Number 4 \/ August, 2004 DOI 10.1023\/B:HUEC.0000043517.23277.54 Pages 487-507 Online Date Monday, December 06, 2004 (1)\u00a0 Institute of Anthropology, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksholms kanal, 4, DK-1220\u00a0Copenhagen K., Denmark Abstract\u00a0\u00a0The number of birds&#8217; nests harvested [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/chronicle-of-a-foreseeable-tragedy-birds-nests-management-in-the-niah-caves-sarawak-2\/","og_site_name":"Directory of wholesale, manufacturers, distributors, importer and exporter in Indonesia","article_published_time":"2006-12-12T01:44:55+00:00","author":"Swallow Bird Nest","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Swallow Bird Nest","Est. reading time":"1 minute"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/chronicle-of-a-foreseeable-tragedy-birds-nests-management-in-the-niah-caves-sarawak-2\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/chronicle-of-a-foreseeable-tragedy-birds-nests-management-in-the-niah-caves-sarawak-2\/"},"author":{"name":"Swallow Bird Nest","@id":"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/#\/schema\/person\/60b3d3b5af80dee4774d92cb0296af73"},"headline":"Chronicle of a Foreseeable Tragedy: Birds&#039; Nests Management in the Niah Caves (Sarawak)","datePublished":"2006-12-12T01:44:55+00:00","dateModified":"2006-12-12T01:44:55+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/chronicle-of-a-foreseeable-tragedy-birds-nests-management-in-the-niah-caves-sarawak-2\/"},"wordCount":244,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/#organization"},"articleSection":["Articles"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/chronicle-of-a-foreseeable-tragedy-birds-nests-management-in-the-niah-caves-sarawak-2\/","url":"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/chronicle-of-a-foreseeable-tragedy-birds-nests-management-in-the-niah-caves-sarawak-2\/","name":"Chronicle of a Foreseeable Tragedy: Birds&#039; Nests Management in the Niah Caves (Sarawak) - Directory of wholesale, manufacturers, distributors, importer and exporter in Indonesia","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/#website"},"datePublished":"2006-12-12T01:44:55+00:00","dateModified":"2006-12-12T01:44:55+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/chronicle-of-a-foreseeable-tragedy-birds-nests-management-in-the-niah-caves-sarawak-2\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/chronicle-of-a-foreseeable-tragedy-birds-nests-management-in-the-niah-caves-sarawak-2\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/chronicle-of-a-foreseeable-tragedy-birds-nests-management-in-the-niah-caves-sarawak-2\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Chronicle of a Foreseeable Tragedy: Birds&#039; Nests Management in the Niah Caves (Sarawak)"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/#website","url":"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/","name":"Directory of wholesale, manufacturers, distributors, importer and exporter in Indonesia","description":"A company in global market business to exports Indonesian products to the whole world. Indonesia-Product.com will help you to find the real and original handicraft and furniture of Indonesia, Indonesia\u2019s crafter production, with cheap price and has high quality.","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/#organization","name":"Directory of wholesale, manufacturers, distributors, importer and exporter in Indonesia","url":"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/","sameAs":[],"logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/cropped-logo.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/cropped-logo.png","width":300,"height":100,"caption":"Directory of wholesale, manufacturers, distributors, importer and exporter in Indonesia"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/#\/schema\/person\/60b3d3b5af80dee4774d92cb0296af73","name":"Swallow Bird Nest","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e4c33fdba8317b59436967472ccb43ff?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e4c33fdba8317b59436967472ccb43ff?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Swallow Bird Nest"},"url":"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/author\/swaadmin\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3738"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3738"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3738\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3738"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3738"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indonesia-product.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3738"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}