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Learner Outcomes The learner will • Map the spread of cave swallows into the United States using a variety of historic references. • Map the winter distribution of cave swallows in the Caribbean Basin and Texas using recent data. • Interpret various reference materials. Background Cave swallows first appeared in the United States as an accidental species in the Florida Keys in 1890. The first birds were recorded in Texas in 1910 and first nested there in 1914. The first verified record and report of nesting in New Mexico was in 1930. While birds continued to appear rarely in Florida, nesting individuals first established themselves in south Florida in 1987 and have persisted as a nesting species since that time. One or two individuals occurred at a cliff swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) colony in Tucson, Arizona, from 1979 to 1987, but have not been reported since that time.
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